Synonymy
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Bacteria
Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1825,
Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire
naturelle. Entomologie, 10: 445.
[ Type species: Mantis baculus Olivier, 1792
(nec deGeer, 1773) = Phasma arumatia Stoll,
1813, by designation of Rehn, 1904.
{ See note below } ]
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Gray, 1833,
Entomology of Australia, Part I: 28.
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Gray, 1835,
Synopsis of the Phasmidae, pp 13, 16.
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Burmeister, 1838,
Handbuch der Entomologie, II: 560, 563.
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Audinet-Serville, 1839,
Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Orthoptères, p 223.
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deHaan, 1842,
Bijdragen tot de Kennis der Orthoptera, p 107.
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Saussure, 1859,
Rev & Mag Zool, 2nd ser., XI: 61.
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Westwood, 1859,
Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects, I: 20.
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Saussure, 1861,
Ann Soc Ent France, (4) 1: 474.
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Saussure, 1872,
Recherches Zoologiques, 6me partie, Livr. 2: 150.
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Stål, 1875a,
Bihang Kongl Svenska Vet-Akad Handl, 2, (17): 6, 14.
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Stål, 1875b,
Recensio Orthopterorum, pp 29, 82.
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Stål, 1875c,
Bihang Kongl Svenska Vet-Akad Handl, 3, (14): 11.
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Redtenbacher, 1892,
Proc Zool Soc London, 1892: 208.
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Brunner, 1893b,
Proc Zool Soc London, 1893: 606.
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Rehn, 1904a,
Proc Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, 1904: 61.
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Kirby, 1904c,
Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera, I: 355.
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Shelford, 1908,
Biologia Centrali Americana. Insecta. Orthoptera, II: 355, 362.
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Redtenbacher, 1908,
Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden, pp 399, 412.
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Giglio-Tos, 1910,
Boll Mus Zool Anat Comp, XXV (625): 40.
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Chopard, 1911,
Ann Soc Ent France, LXXX: 343.
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Bradley & Galil, 1977,
Proc Ent Soc Washington, 79 (2): 190.
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Phanocles
Stål, 1875b,
Recensio Orthopterorum, pp 28, 81.
[ Type species: Bacteria
burkartii Saussure, 1868, by designation of Kirby, 1904. ]
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Redtenbacher, 1892,
Proc Zool Soc London, 1892: 207.
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Kirby, 1904c,
Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera, I: 353.
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Description
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Body form elongate, cylindrical, surface smooth to tuberculate.
Head slightly elongate; vertex slightly swollen, sometimes bituberculate to bicornute.
Antennae subequal in length to the anterior legs; scape depressed; pedicel subcylindrical.
Compound eyes prominent; ocelli absent.
Pronotum elongate, rectangular; defensive gland opening absent.
Prosternum subtriangular, the margins arcuate.
Mesothorax elongate, cylindrical, the notum sometimes carinate in the female.
Median segment elongate, about 1.1-1.6 times the length of the metanotum.
Abdomen elongate, cylindrical in the male; segments II-VI subequal in length, VII elongate, slightly shorter than
the preceding, VIII-X shorter and broader than the preceding, X truncately rounded posteriorly.
Vomer with the base elongately triangular, sclerotized apex acuminate, curved; subgenital plate fornicate, medially dentate;
genitalia with a heavily sclerotized dorsal plate, but no dextral hook.
Cerci robust.
Abdomen stouter in the female, segments VIII-X shorter and narrower than the preceding, X medially emarginate.
Supraanal plate very small, medially carinate.
Sternite VII with an unmodified praeopercular organ; subgenital plate elongate, scooplike, well
exceeding the end of the abdomen, medially carinate in the distal two-thirds, apex rounded.
Cerci short.
Legs elongate and slender, the posterior femora reaching at least to the middle of abdominal segment IV.
Anterior femora strongly curved basally, the lower median carina strongly displaced towards the anterior one;
middle and posterior femora smooth beneath.
Tibiae anareolate.
First hind tarsomere subequal in length to the remaining articles taken together, carinate or crested dorsally.
Female apterous; male often alate.
Sexual dimorphism pronounced.
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Derivation of name. From the Greek bakterion, a staff.
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Geographic distribution. This large genus is well represented in Central and
South America, with species on Cuba, the Lesser Antilles, and Trinidad within the West Indies.
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Systematic notes. In reference to the designation of a type species for Bacteria,
it should be noted that Rehn actually chose Mantis ferula Fabricius, 1793, as the type
species, but it is clear from his discussion that he intended the type to be the species figured by Stoll,
which is baculus, not ferula, and that he used the name ferula in the sense of
Lichtenstein (1802). Kirby (1904) correctly gave baculus as the type species.
[West Indies]
In Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden, Redtenbacher
(1908) presented 14 species of this genus as occurring in the West Indies. Four of these [Bacteria
filiformis (Fabricius), B. baculus (Olivier), B. muricata Burmeister, and
B. nodulosa Redtenbacher] have been shown to be non-Antillean. Three other species
[modesta Redtenbacher, calamus (Fabricius), and simplicitarsis Gray] have been removed
from Bacteria and placed in the genus Clonistria. Of the remaining seven taxa, there appear to
be only two valid species in the Antilles.
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Systematic position.
Superfamily Phasmatoidea | Family Bacteriidae |
Tribe Bacteriini
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| 1. |
Head unarmed; male alate.
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| 1'. |
Head with a pair of conical horns between the eyes; male apterous.
| B. keratosqueleton (Olivier) |
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